The basic ideas of Calculus started with Archimedes, and reached a highly developed form in the 17th Century with Newton and Leibniz often being credited as its inventors. What was not so well-known until only a few decades ago is that between the 14th and 17th Century there was an unbroken lineage of profound mathematicians working in Kerala who had independently discovered many of the great themes of Calculus. This talk is an introduction to the lives and works of some of the prominent members of the Kerala School of Mathematics. Most of the talk will be accessible to a general audience. Only towards the end of the talk some elementary mathematics will be assumed to explain a few of their contributions.